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A mouthguard also known as a BRA (bit raising appliance) or nightguard is a protective device for the mouth that covers the teeth and gums to prevent and reduce injury to the teeth, arches, lips and gums. A mouthguard is most often used to prevent injury in contact sports, as a treatment for bruxism or TMD, or as part of certain dental procedures, such as tooth bleaching. Depending on application, it may also be called a mouth protector, mouth piece, gumshield, gumguard, nightguard, occlusal splint, bite splint, or bite plane.

Mouthguards, sometimes referred to as bite-raising appliances or occlusal splints, are valuable tools in dentistry used to protect oral structures and address specific dental conditions. They serve a variety of purposes, including the following:

Protection During Sports Activities

For athletes participating in contact sports such as rugby, boxing, and hockey, custom-made mouthguards are indispensable. These devices safeguard teeth and nearby tissues from injury by absorbing and dispersing impact forces. Custom-fitted by a dentist, these mouthguards provide a more secure and effective fit compared to over-the-counter alternatives.

Managing Bruxism (Teeth Grinding)

Bruxism, which involves the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth (often during sleep), can lead to significant dental issues such as tooth wear, fractures, and jaw discomfort. To address this, dentists often recommend occlusal splints, which create a physical barrier between the upper and lower teeth. This helps prevent direct contact, thereby reducing muscle strain and minimizing the damage.

Treating Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD)

Conditions that affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can cause pain and limit jaw function. Bite-raising appliances can help alleviate these symptoms by stabilizing the jaw, easing joint stress, and promoting relaxation of the surrounding muscles. These appliances are typically customized to suit the unique needs of the patient.

Preventing Dental Injuries

Mouthguards are also advised for individuals at risk of dental trauma due to occupational hazards or recreational activities. A well-fitted appliance can protect against tooth fractures and injuries to soft tissues, offering a preventive solution for those exposed to potential harm.

Types of Mouthguards

• Custom-Made Mouthguards: These are designed by dental professionals based on an exact impression of the patient’s teeth. They provide the best fit, comfort, and protection, making them ideal for both sports and therapeutic use.
• Boil-and-Bite Mouthguards: Available in stores, these devices can be softened in hot water and molded to fit the user’s teeth. While more cost-effective, they don’t offer the same level of precision or protection as custom-made versions.
• Stock Mouthguards: These pre-formed mouthguards are ready to use without any customization. Due to their poor fit and limited protection, they are generally not recommended by dental professionals.

Maintenance and Care

Proper upkeep is essential to ensure the longevity and effectiveness of a mouthguard:

• Cleaning: Rinse the mouthguard with cool water after each use and clean it using mild soap or a soft toothbrush. Avoid hot water, as it may cause warping.
• Storage: Keep the appliance in a ventilated, hard plastic case to protect it from damage and bacterial growth. Ensure it is stored away from heat or direct sunlight.
• Regular Assessments: Take the mouthguard to your dental appointments for routine evaluations. Dentists can check for wear and make adjustments or recommend replacements if needed.

Frequently asked questions about Mouthguards (Nightguards)

Can mouthguards help with snoring or sleep apnea?

Yes, specific types of mouthguards, known as mandibular advancement devices (MADs) or tongue stabilizing devices (TSDs), are designed to treat snoring and mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. These devices work by repositioning the lower jaw or tongue to keep the airway open during sleep. It's essential to consult with a dentist or sleep specialist to determine if such a device is appropriate for your condition.

Are there mouthguards designed for use during the day?

Yes, there are mouthguards specifically designed for daytime use, particularly for individuals who grind or clench their teeth during the day. These guards are typically thinner and more discreet than night guards, allowing for easier speaking and comfort during daily activities. Consulting with a dentist can help determine the most suitable option based on individual needs.

How can I tell if my mouthguard no longer fits properly?

Signs that a mouthguard may no longer fit properly include discomfort, looseness, difficulty in keeping it in place, or new areas of irritation in the mouth. Changes in dental structures, such as tooth movement or dental work, can affect the fit. Regular dental check-ups can help assess the fit and determine if a replacement is necessary.

Can children use mouthguards, and are there specific types for them?

Yes, children can and should use mouthguards, especially when participating in contact sports or if they grind their teeth. Custom-made mouthguards are particularly beneficial for children, as they provide a better fit and accommodate growing mouths. It's important to have the fit checked regularly by a dentist, especially as children grow and their dental structures change.

Is it safe to wear a mouthguard with dental appliances like braces?

Yes, wearing a mouthguard over braces is not only safe but recommended during contact sports to protect both the teeth and the orthodontic appliances. Custom-made mouthguards are particularly advantageous in these cases, as they can be designed to fit comfortably over braces and provide adequate protection. It's advisable to consult with an orthodontist or dentist to ensure the mouthguard fits properly and does not interfere with the braces.

These questions address additional aspects of mouthguard use in dentistry, providing a broader understanding of their applications and considerations.

Conclusion

Mouthguards are an essential part of dental care, playing a critical role in protecting teeth from injuries, addressing bruxism, treating TMD, and preventing trauma. A consultation with a dental professional can ensure you receive a properly fitted mouthguard tailored to your specific needs, maximizing its effectiveness and comfort.