𝐄𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐩𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐞

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration). It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata. It plays an essential role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, heart output by acting on the SA node, pupil dilation response, and blood sugar level. It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals, including humans, and some single-celled organisms. As a medication, it is used to treat several conditions, including allergic reaction anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and superficial bleeding. A substance such as adrenaline used in dentistry to restrict the blood supply by making the blood vessels contract. This can reduce bleeding of the tissues after surgery and prolong the effect of the local anaesthesic.